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If you spend a lot of time outdoors, you need weatherproof clothing and gear. For a long time, fluorinated DWR and waterproof membranes were considered the gold standard in the outdoor industry—until it became clear that some of these chemicals, known as PFAS, could be problematic for both humans and the environment. But what exactly lies behind PFAS, why are they so controversial, and which more eco-friendly alternatives already exist? In this article, you’ll find everything you need to know.
Definition Check: What Are PFAS?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) is an umbrella term for a large group of over 3,000 fluorinated compounds. They are primarily known for their water, grease, and dirt repellency, as well as their extreme durability.
PFC (perfluorinated chemicals) form a subcategory within this group. That means: All PFCs are PFAS, but not all PFAS are PFCs.
Examples of PFAS Use
- Outdoor clothing and gear (DWR, membranes)
- Teflon coatings (cookware)
- Baking paper, fast-food packaging
- Firefighting foams
- Cosmetics
The beading effect of a well-functioning DWR. Here using the example of a jacket with a Sympatex membrane. Picture ©Sympatex
Why Are PFAS Problematic?
- Health Risks
Some PFAS are suspected of being harmful to health. Studies suggest they can affect the immune system, hormone balance, as well as liver and kidney function. - Environmental Impact
PFAS are often called “forever chemicals” because they hardly break down in nature. They accumulate in soil, water bodies, and organisms, and can eventually make their way back to humans through the food chain. - Long-Term Effects
Once released, PFAS can remain in our environment for decades or even centuries. They pose not only immediate risks but also long-term threats to entire ecosystems and human health.
PFAS in the Outdoor Industry
Coatings (DWR)
Many jackets, pants, tents, and shoes use fluorinated DWR (Durable Water Repellent) finishes to achieve water- and dirt-repellent properties. However, more and more manufacturers are moving away from PFC-based treatments (“C8” or “C6”) toward PFC-free alternatives (“C0”).
Membranes
Some of the best-known waterproof and breathable membranes often use PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). It is still being investigated how dangerous these fluorinated polymers may be for humans and the environment. Nevertheless, many companies are already searching for completely PFAS-free alternatives.
Other Applications
For a long time, ski waxes contained fluorinated substances. Today, in many competitions—such as those organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS)—fluorinated waxes are banned, driving the switch to fluorine-free ski waxes.
Lagoped does not use PFAS in the manufacture of its products.
The Shift in the Outdoor Industry
With growing environmental awareness and potential regulations (e.g., the EU is considering a ban on many PFAS by 2026), the phase-out of these chemicals in the outdoor industry is accelerating. Major manufacturers have developed their own guidelines to gradually eliminate PFAS from their products.
Potential Impact of an EU Ban
Once PFAS are broadly banned or heavily regulated, manufacturers will be forced to switch to alternatives. This is already sparking innovation toward more sustainable solutions.
PFAS-Free Alternatives: Do They Already Exist?
Yes – outdoor garments and gear made without PFAS are on the rise! For example:
- GORE-TEX ePE Membrane
Since the 2022/23 winter season, GORE-TEX has offered an ePE membrane. According to the manufacturer, the production process avoids PFAS. - Sympatex
The polyester-based Sympatex membrane has always been made without PFAS. Sympatex also aims to establish a circular system to conserve resources. - Xpore
A microporous membrane from BenQ Materials, made without PFAS. For example, it’s used by the brand Picture Organic. - Patagonia
Plans to eliminate PFAS from all membranes and DWR by 2025. - In-House Membranes from Various Brands
For instance, the “Ceplex” PU membrane by German manufacturer Vaude is produced without PFAS. - Waxed Products
For situations that don’t require absolute waterproofness, there are waxed materials (e.g., Fjällräven’s G-1000) that work without any fluorinated membranes.
Structure of the GORE-TEX ePe membrane: Water stays outside, moisture in the form of vapour can escape through microscopic pores.
Note: 100% PFAS-Free Is Relative
PFAS have accumulated in the environment for decades. Even with PFAS-free production, minute traces may be detected in products due to environmental factors. Hence, many manufacturers say “made without PFAS” to avoid misunderstandings.
What About the Gear You Already Own?
Throwing it away is not a good idea. PFAS are largely released during manufacturing and disposal. You can keep using your functional outdoor clothing without worry—this saves resources and money!
Tips for a Longer Product Life
- Wash Regularly: Follow the manufacturer’s care instructions to remove dirt and oils, which helps porous membranes function better.
- Refresh the DWAR: Use PFAS-free sprays to maintain the water-repellent effect.
- Repair Instead of Replace: Small tears or broken zippers can often be easily fixed.
Shop repair & care products:
Our Commitment: the “WIR DENKEN UM” label
At Sport Conrad, we aim to be the most sustainable alpine outdoor retailer offering alpine products. Under our “WIR DENKEN UM” label, we mark items that meet our strict criteria for responsible manufacturing and materials. This also includes numerous products made without PFAS.
- Online Shop: Use our filter feature to find products made without PFAS or PFC.
- Personal Consultation: In our stores in Bavaria’s Oberland, our advisors will be happy to help you find the right PFAS-free gear.
Shopping inspiration: Procuts made without PFAS
Conclusion
PFAS have become controversial due to their persistence in the environment and potential health risks. However, the outdoor industry is already responding with innovative membranes and DWRs that are made without PFAS. You can safely continue using your existing gear, even if it has a PFAS-based membrane or DWR and choose more eco-friendly options when the time comes for something new.
Want to learn more?
→ How to wash products with GORE-TEX
→ Learn more about GORE-TEX ePe